表示开场：(introduction): generally speaking, comparatively speaking, in general, in a sense, in a way, in my opinion, in some cases, nowadays, recently, currently, obviously, clearly, undoubtedly

表示比较：(comparison): similarly, likewise, in the same way, equally important, like, both, the same as, in common

表示总结：(summary):in conclusion, in short, in brief, in summary, on the whole, finally, to sum up, to conclude

表示让步：(concession): although, nevertheless, however, but, yet, admittedly, it is true …… but, in spite of, even though, granted that

表示对照：(contrast): on the contrary, on the other hand, otherwise, unlike, in contrast, whereas, rather than, conversely, instead, by contrast

表示列举：(enumeration): first, second, in the first place, first of all, to begin with, in the second place, next, also, besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is more, beyond that, for one thing, for another, finally

表示原因：(cause): because, because of, as, since, for, owing to, due to, on acof, on the ground of, as a result of

表示结果：(result): thus, so, consequently, hence, therefore, accordingly, as a result, for this reason, as a consequence, on that account, it follows that

表示强调：(emphasis): chiefly, especially, indeed, in fact, certainly, particularly, to be sure, actually, above all, surely, most important of all, even worse, no doubt, needless to say

表示举例：(exemplification): for example, for instance, as an example, as a case, in point, as an illustration, such as, namely, that is, like, say